Mac OS X 10.4 "Tiger"--How Fast Is It?

On Friday, April 29, Apple officially released Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger, the latest version of it Unix-based operating system. As frequent readers know, we have benchmarked virtually every release of Mac OS X from the original 10.0 release through 10.3.9 to keep track of the improvements in its speed, a major complaint initially about Mac OS X. With the evolution of Mac OS X, Apple has made great strides in speeding it up. That, along with the release of Apple's Power Mac G5 and iMac G5, have mostly eliminated any significant OS speed concerns for its desktop computers. Even on the remaining G4s (i.e. PowerBooks, iBooks and Mac mini) and many legacy G4s and G3s, Mac OS X runs very well these days.

While we have been working with versions of Tiger off and on since last summer's Worldwide Developers Conference, we purchased retail copies from Apple's online store and they arrived Thursday. Since then, we have installed Tiger on a 450MHz G4 Cube, a dual 2.5GHz Power Mac G5, a 1.8Ghz iMac G5, a 1.25GHz Mac mini and a 1.67GHz 17" PowerBook G4 and have run our usual suite of speed tests on them. We used the Upgrade installation option on three: G4 Cube, iMac G5 and PowerBook G4. We used the Archive & Install option on the other two: Power Mac G5 and Mac mini. Installation took about 30 minutes and went smoothly with all.

We recommend the Archive & Install saving network settings and preferences, although we did not follow our recommendation on three installations. The reason for our recommendation is that if one has not been dilligent in updating and maintaining Mac OS X, then glitches can show up more readily with an Upgrade Install. However, with an Archive & Install one has to remember to re-install any software that adds things, like Internet Plugins, to the System folder. Examples of this are RealPlayer, MUMenu and TypeIt4Me.

We also recommend that one repair disk and repair permissions from the Tiger installation DVD using Disk Utility before installing Tiger. And, of course, we strongly recommend backing up your important data before installation.

So how fast is it? To determine this we ran our usual suite of speed tests on our two test-bed Macs and three others. The speed tests are comprised of a series of "canned" benchmark applications and several so-called "real world" tests that anyone can repeat on their own Mac for comparison by following the steps that we perform.

Our long-term test Mac (since Mac OS X 10.0) has been a mostly stock, 2000-vintage 450 MHz Power Mac G4 Cube with 704MB RAM. With Mac OS X 10.3, Apple began including improvements that are aimed mainly at the G5 CPU and graphics cards with 32MB of video RAM or more (the Cube's has only 16MB) so we also began using our dual 2.5GHz Power Mac G5 with 1.5GB RAM and an Nvidia GeForce 6800 Ultra DDL graphics card in the speed tests.

For Tiger, we also ran our speed tests on a 20" 1.8GHz iMac G5, a 1.25GHz Mac mini and a 17" 1.67GHz PowerBook G4 to more broadly cover the Mac field. Note that Apple recommends 512MB of RAM for Tiger, so we upgraded our Mac mini to that minimum.

Here are the results for the G4 Cube using Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger) vs the last update of each "cat" version, i.e. 10.3.9 (Panther) and 10.2.8 (Jaguar) and 10.1.5 (Puma). Other versions back to 10.0 can be found in our previous articles:

450MHz G4 Cube Speed Tests (average* scores or secs).
Test Cube 450 MHz
Mac OS X Version:
10.1.5
10.2.8
10.3.9
10.4
Benchmarks:
Altivec Fractal (GFLOPS)
-
1.5
1.5
1.5
Cinebench 2003 - Rendering
-
49
48
48
- OpenGL Hardware Lighting
-
92
91
90
Let1kWindowsBloom 1.0 (sec)
57
61
53
30
Xbench - CPU
-
52
54
54
- Threading
-
34
42
42
- Memory
-
64
76
77
- Quartz Graphics
-
63
74
73
- OpenGL Graphics
-
84
80
88
- User Interface Graphics
-
60
102
150
- Hard Disk
-
66
54
56
"Real World" Tests:
Startup (sec)
98
54
52
53
Shutdown (sec)
5
7
15
16
Launch Classic Mode (sec)
43
-
25
36
Dup. 700 MB Folder 3600 Files (sec)
-
131
152
128
Scroll 142p Acrobat Reader File (sec)
71
57
55
55
Encode MP3 in iTunes (sec)
-
105
105
104
Export QT FQDV Movie in iMovie (sec)
-
32
36
38
Quake III Arena 1.32 (frames/sec)
-
22
34
32
*Average of three runs. Green is much faster. Red is much slower.

There are significant performance improvements in Mac OS X 10.4 for the G4 Cube, the oldest Mac tested. All of the improvements are related to the speed of the Finder. Let1kWindowsBloom measures how fast 1000 Finder windows can be opened and closed and its performance improved over 40 per cent. The Finder speed improvement is also evident in Xbench's User Interface Graphics score (up 47%) and in the time it took to duplicate a folder full of 3600 files (down 16%). OpenGL is also faster in Xbench. For some reason, launching Classic mode in Tiger took much longer than in Pather. Still we are pleasantly surprised to see some speed improvements, particularly in the Finder, in five year old technology. The Cube has an ATI Rage 128 Pro graphics card with only 16MB of video RAM.

Here are the results for the Power Mac G5 comparing 10.4 with several previous versions of Mac OS X 10.3.x:

Dual 2.5GHz Power Mac G5 Speed Tests (average* scores or secs).
Test Dual 2.5 GHz Power Mac G5
Mac OS X Version:
10.3.5
10.3.7
10.3.9
10.4
Benchmarks:
Altivec Fractal (GFLOPS)
12.7
12.7
12.9
12.9
Cinebench 2003 - Rendering
647
644
647
649
- OpenGL Hardware Lighting
1569
1579
1601
1608
Let1kWindowsBloom 1.0 (sec)
11
11
11
6
Xbench - CPU
243
243
241
242
- Threading
241
260
262
268
- Memory
340
335
333
385
- Quartz Graphics
300
342
348
295
- OpenGL Graphics
209
178
202
233
- User Interface Graphics
374
410
415
454
- Hard Disk
110
108
106
105
"Real World" Tests:
Startup (sec)
45
38
40
35
Shutdown (sec)
9
9
10
8
Launch Classic Mode (sec)
9
9
10
11
Dup. 700 MB Folder 3600 Files (sec)
62
56
66
58
Scroll 142p Acrobat Reader File (sec)
13
12
11
12
Encode MP3 in iTunes (sec)
54
54
54
52
Export QT FQDV Movie in iMovie (sec)
20
19
20
22
Quake III Arena 1.32 (frames/sec)
417
407
411
405
Halo 1.0.5.3/1.5.1 (frames/sec)
57**
61***
63***
67***
Call of Duty 1.4 (frames/sec)
n/a
84
85
86
*Average of 3 runs. **Halo 1.0.5.3 with ATI Pixel and Vertex Shaders. ***Halo 1.5.1 with Advanced Shaders.Green is much faster. Red is much slower.

For the now next-to-latest Power Mac G5, there are the same performance improvements related to the Finder and OpenGL in Xbench. In addition, memory is faster and startup is faster. Curiously, Quartz Graphics is measured as slower by Xbench, about the level in 10.3.5. Of the 3D games tested, only Halo shows that it may be benefitting from the faster OpenGL graphics. Halo was consistently faster but not by much. Perhaps, the updated Nvidia graphics drivers (v1.40) in 10.4 need more tweaking.

Here is a table comparing Tiger (10.4) vs Panther (10.3.9) using the 20" iMac G5, Mac mini and 17" PowerBook G4:

iMac G5, Mac mini and PowerBook G4 Speed Tests (average* scores or secs).
Test
20" iMac G5**
Mac mini
PowerBook G4
Mac OS X Version:
10.3.9
10.4
10.3.9
10.4
10.3.9
10.4
Benchmarks:
Altivec Fractal (GFLOPS)
2.6**
2.4**
4.5
4.5
5.7
5.7
Cinebench 2003 - Rendering
242
246
116
115
145
150
- OpenGL Hardware Lighting
680
936
444
442
854
857
Let1kWindowsBloom 1.0 (sec)
18
12
33
12
36
15
Xbench - CPU
88
114
150
152
197
194
- Threading
70
97
110
110
142
140
- Memory
154
240
136
132
128
128
- Quartz Graphics
171
202
160
132
190
160
- OpenGL Graphics
169
173
108
123
134
147
- User Interface Graphics
204
314
217
233
232
263
- Hard Disk
83
85
56
55
76
77
"Real World" Tests:
Startup (sec)
49
38
53
48
57
49
Shutdown (sec)
9
7
15
11
-
-
Launch Classic Mode (sec)
-
-
13
15
13
16
Dup. 700 MB Folder 3600 Files (sec)
84**
80**
102
103
100
74
Scroll 142p Acrobat Reader File (sec)
99**
105**
26
30
22
23
Encode MP3 in iTunes (sec)
-
-
100
98
66
64
Export QT FQDV Movie in iMovie (sec)
-
-
44
37
37
32
Quake III Arena 1.32 (frames/sec)
-
-
89
88
112
104
Halo 1.0.5.3/1.5.1 (frames/sec)
-
-
-
-
-
-
Call of Duty 1.4 (frames/sec)
-
-
26
26
41
40
*Average of 3 runs. **Run by a different person using different but consistent within-iMac test files. -Not available. Green is much faster. Red is much slower.

The results from the additional computers are very similar to our usual test-bed computers. The G5s are faster in more categories than the G4s. The key Finder-related tests show significant improvements in all computers. Startup is significantly faster in all computers tested.

We didn't expect a down side but Quartz graphics scores are significantly lower for three computers. Perhaps, the Xbench test needs a revision for changes in Tiger's Core Graphics.

[Update 5/4/05--We discovered that Tiger's Quartz 2D Extreme technology which employs the graphics card's processor is disabled by default. Hard to believe but true. We enabled it using Quartz Debug and re-ran the Xbench Quartz and User Interface tests for the three slowed Macs. The Mac mini is not supported but enabling Tiger's Quartz 2D Extreme on the Power Mac G5 and PowerBook G4 increased the scores drastically. See our note with results on our 5/4/05 news page.]

After improving over the previous versions, Classic mode in Tiger also takes longer to launch in all computers testing this function and significantly so in most.

Curiously, Quake III Arena runs much slower on the PowerBook with Tiger than Panther. We ran Quake many times, checked our settings, tried another drive using 10.3.9 and 10.4 but the results were the same. Quake runs on OpenGL which tested faster using Xbench so the results are confusing.

In summary, Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger is noticeably faster when using Finder operations, particularly with G5 Macs. Fortunately, the Finder speed improvements also extend to our older G4 Cube. We have encountered some wireless networking glitches, both with AirPort and Bluetooth as carried in our notes posted Saturday and Sunday, but otherwise Tiger is a terrific new Mac OS X. [Bill Fox]



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